# DSPA

Description:
Decorated bodysherd. Flat roundel cut from base of plate, Rigoir Form 4. Stamped decoration of Chi-Rho with sun and omega within circle which has toothed border. The base of a radial palmette is on the edge of the sherd. Very abraded, consolidated. Fabric: soft, silty, oxidised, buff with sparse subangular to rounded quartz and rare iron ore, possibly burnt. Not normal DSPA fabric, may be a local variant or one of the oxidised DSP wares of southern France.

Context:
Savory's 1954-6 excavations, in a disturbed context square D0(S).

Comment:
Parallels: Rigoir & Meffre 1973 Pl. 25, 2219 & 2293. Originally published as part of a North African pottery lamp.


Description:
Rim to base of mortarium, Rigoir Form 29. Rim with pouring lip formed by pushing out internal flange. Base with pseudo-footring. Interior with rounded quartz trituration grits on lower half.

Dimensions:
RD 26cm, BD 11cm, H 11cm. 12 sherds: MS 2x8cm, 3x6cm, 6x4cm, 1x2cm.

Comment:
Parallel: Rigoir & Meffre 1973, Pl. 17, 4371 (Bordeaux).


Description:
Rim and upper body of mortarium, Rigoir Form 29. Rim with pouring spout. Interior with trituration grits on lower half.

Dimensions:
RD 22cm. 8 sherds: MS 1x7cm, 1x6cm, 1x5cm, 2x4cm, 2x3cm.

Comment:
Parallel: Rigoir & Meffre 1973, Pl. 17, 2270 (Bordeaux).


Description:
Basal part of mortarium, Rigoir Form 29. Pseudo-footring. Interior with trituration grits.

Comment:
Parallel: Rigoir & Meffre 1973 Pl. 17, 2921 (Nantes).


Description:
Basal angle of plate, Rigoir Form 4. Faint rouletted decoration on interior. Fabric D.

Comment:
Parallels: Rigoir & Meffre 1973, Pls. 7-13.


Description:
Basal angle of plate, Rigoir Form 4. Single line of rouletting on interior enclosing stamped radial palmette (cf. D1).

Dimensions:
RD 20cm. 4 sherds: MS 1x5cm, 2x4cm, 1x2cm.

Comment:
Parallels: Rigoir & Meffre 1973, Pl. 13, 4056, Pl. 23. The palmette belongs to a group found in the area around Bordeaux with an outlier in Orl‚ans.


Description:
Rim of shallow bowl, Rigoir Form 16. Single groove below rim, beading with groove above at basal angle.

Comment:
Parallels: Rigoir & Meffre 1973, Pl. 15, 2923, 3313.


Description:
Rim and profile of bowl, Rigoir Form 16. Exterior rouletted all over in horizontal bands. Single groove below rim and below beading at basal angle.

Comment:
Parallels: Rigoir & Meffre 1973, Pl. 15, 2802 (Bordeaux).


Description:
Pedestal base, probably of bowl Rigoir Form 16.

Comment:
Parallels: Rigoir & Meffre 1973, Pl. 16.


Description:
Rim of bowl, Rigoir Form 16. Surface abraded, but may have been rouletted. Groove below rim, beading at basal angle.

Dimensions:
RD 22cm. 8 sherds: MS 1x4cm, 5x3cm, 2x2cm.


Description:
Rim and pouring spout of mortarium, cf. Rigoir Form 29. Spout very crudely formed by pushing out internal flange.  Fabric soft, grey, sparse rounded quartz to 2mm, occasional mica, no limestone visible.

Condition:
No black slip visible as surface is abraded.

Comment:
Parallels: very small diameter for a mortarium, not necessarily a standard DSP form as fabric is unusual. Thomas (1981, 19) suggests that this is a bowl rather than a mortarium, but the pouring spout and rim form are matched by mortaria such as D3.


Description:
Base and bodysherd of mortarium, Rigoir Form 29. Pseudo-footring. Interior trituration grits of large rounded quartz.

Context:
NP 970: Green's 1984 excavations, topsoil outside cave. LB88 524: Campbell & Lane's excavations 1988, ploughsoil Site E.


Description:
Rim of bowl, Rigoir Form 14. Groove below rim.

Context:
Green's 1990 excavation, topsoil outside west cave.


Description:
Bodysherd of mortarium, Rigoir Form 29. Interior with large trituration grits of rounded quartz.

Fabric:
Fabric D, with occasional rounded quartz, slip dark grey.


Description:
Rim of small bowl, Rigoir Form 16 or ?30. Bead rim with groove below and slight beading below that. Rouletted decoration below.

References:
Alcock 1972, Pl. 13, lower right; fig. 27.


Description:
Rim of mortarium, Rigoir Form 29. Interior with large trituration grits of rounded quartz on lower part. Some finger rilling on exterior.

Fabric:
Fabric D, with occasional quartz grains, black slip surviving on interior.

Context:
Radford's 1933 excavations, context B9: Site B, Room 8, 'original floor level under debris'.

Comment:
Parallels: see D2 & D3.  There is another another sherd probably this vessel in the British Museum Acc No 1949, 5-1, 4


Description:
Rim of ?mortarium, Rigoir Form 29. Rim with traces of internal flange.

Fabric:
Fabric D but no limestone noted, black slip.


Description:
Basal angle of shallow bowl or plate, Rigoir Form ?4. True footring.

Fabric:
Fabric similar to D, but sherd is burnt making identification uncertain.


Description:
Rim of plate, Rigoir Form 4. Rim with internal bead. Exterior with two broad grooves below rim.

Context:
Context D1321, Phase 1Ca, hillwash, along with E ware (E3 and E1) and imported glass.


Fabric:
Fabric unusual, with blak rock fragments


Description:
8 sherds, including stamped base (illegible in circular border) D31.1


Description:
1 rouletted basal sherd, probably Rigoir f.4

Fabric:
Fabric unusual,  hard, black, with abundant quartz and mafic minerals, silt-sized.

Context:
Building S6, phase 3, abandonment rubble

Comment:
other late contexts produced a type G brooch and a garnet Byzantine intaglio


Fabric:
Fabric unusual, with black minerals cf Hen Gastell

Comment:
Not certainly D ware, but similarity to Hen Gastell fabric suggests it is an unusual variant.


Description:
Rim and profile (346) of deep plate, Rigoir form 4.  Simple rounded rim with two external grooves below rim.  Base (409) with deep groove forming typical false foot-ring.  Both sherds very decayed and abraded, but traces of black slip remain on interior of base.  No traces of interior decoration visible.  Base perhaps reworked into roundel.

Fabric:
Fabric soft, fine, with large angular lumps of grey limestone? Scattered tiny mica and occasional small quartz and mafic minerals.  Colour buff.

Dimensions:
RD 28 cm, BD c 24cm, Height  4.5 cm, T 8-11mm, MS 7+4 cm.


Description:
Decorated bodysherd of bowl.  Beaded angle with groove above. Exterior stamped with lattice decoration.

Fabric:
Fabric normal with well preserved black glossy slip

References:
Thomas 1984a, fig 1, 1; Thomas 1985, fig 86, 1

Comment:
Not certainly D ware as decoration not matched in French examples


Comment:
could be same vessel as D16.  With LR1, LR2, LR3, Bv in stratified context


# Eware

Description:
Basal sherd of beaker. About half of base with  part of wall.  String cut-off on base, strong internal finger-spiral.

Fabric:
E2, quartz mostly rounded to well rounded 1mm, with occasional sub angular to 3mm. No iron ore


References:
Publicity handout, Scilly Electrification Project.

Comment:
reported from pipe trench work. Dubious as has not been checked


Context:
hillwash overlying early christian cemetery


Description:
Base of beaker, about half remaining.  Basal string cut-off, internal spiral on base. Also tiny wall-sherd

Use:
blackened exterior, with traces of sooting

Condition:
unabraded, slight useage-waer on base exterior

Context:
Trench 1, context 103, SF 1?.  upper organic layer with structural timbers.


Context:
mixed material overlying bronze age roundhouses, context 14 and 15


Description:
Bodysherd of E1 jar from shoulder.  Heavily abraded.

Fabric:
Fabric orange coarse with abundant large quartz and iron ore grits, a few highly polished round quartz grains.

Dimension:
Size 58 x 39 mm, T 5 mm.  Maximum body diam. 16 cm.

Context:
stratified  context 027, fill of ditch 239


Description:
Rim of E1 jar.  Rim everted with faint lid-seat.  Abraded and decayed.

Fabric:
Fabric pale orange with buff skin, abundant red iron ore and large angular quartz grits.

Dimension:
Size 29 x 21 mm, T. 4 mm. Rim diam. c.16 cm.


Description:
Bodysherd from lower part of large vessel.  Fresh and unabraded.

Fabric:
Fabric hard, almost stoneware, off-white with grey patches, little iron ore, much tiny sparkly quartz.


Description:
Bowl of E3 form.  Large base and wall sherd (966; F187) (E240.2), and  rim sherd (566) (E240.1) probably of the same vessel.  Rim everted, sharp shoulder, base string-cut.  Form of bowl very shallow. Fingermarks on exterior wiped surface, interior with finger-rilling.

Use:
No sooting, but exterior blackened in kiln.

Dimension:
BD c. 6cm, MD 16cm, RD 16-18cm, T  5-8mm. Estimated H 5.5cm. MS 6cm + 4cm

Context:
New Graveyard, cutting 4, F187 (966).  Cutting 4, sieved (566)


Description:
Bowl of E3 form (1530; F463).  Rim and upper wall, showing sharp shoulder.  Rim simple, rounded.

Use:
Sherd is covered in slag and has been exposed to high temperatures, partially vitrifying the fabric.


Comment:
Cannot be checked as specimens are missing


Comment:
From soil overlying graves C20 and C79 (early medieval burials).  Anglo-saxon mount form same site


Description:
Rim and neck of large jar. Rim thickened, rounded, everted at 45ø. Faint internal lid-seat.

Fabric:
E1, with sparse red-brown iron ore, some tiny sparkling quartz.

References:
Christison & Anderson 1905,209. Alcock & Alcock 1987, 131 E ware.


Comment:
One of the few well stratified contexts for E ware, with associated finds. The material is in a re-deposited context however and is not necessarily strictly contemporary.

Context:
Trench 3, layer 11. Metal-working debris pushed into top of ditch. With scrap bronze, motif piece, decorated knife handle, crucibles, and mould for penannular brooch with ?lobed terminals. A 14C date of 1430 + 85BP came from an adjacent trench at the same horizon. The layers beneath produced a mould for a ?crozier handle decorated with a keypattern ornament and a possible tuyere or import sherd of red ware.


Comment:
Joining crucible fragments link this area with the re-deposited material in the ditch.

Context:
Trench 4, area G. Metal-working area just inside enclosure ditch. With iron shears, stone ingot mould, three glass rods, one twisted, crucible. Beneath this was the base of a glass cone-beaker. The feature was sealed by a layer containing moulds, including a decorative plaque of ?9th-century date.


Description:
Almost complete profile of jar. Rim (E4.1-3) strongly everted (almost 90ø), thickened and rounded, with well-defined lidseat. Incised line at base of neck. Internal rilling, base slightly convex and string-cut.

Use:
no sooting on base or sides. Purple-brown stain on lower interior may indicate contents.

Condition:
crumbly, decomposing (due to acid conditions?). Base (E4.4) and lower body (E4.5-6) abraded.

Comment:
Newman (1989, 14) has suggested that the stratified E ware, the enamelled pin and the two zoomorphic brooches belong to an early phase of the crannog which predates the rectangular timber building. The fact that all the sherds of E ware belong to one vessel confirms the contemporaneity of the external hearth with this early phase. The zoomorphic brooch can be confidently dated to the early 7th century by comparison with material from Sutton Hoo (Youngs 1989, 41), providing corroborative evidence for the dating of the E ware.  The rim form is similar to that from Carew Castle.

Context:
E4.1-2 came from the surface of the brushwood which underlay the hearth which lay outside the palisade, though not actually sealed by the hearth. E4.3-4 came from gravel layers within the palisade. E4.5-7 were unstratified just below topsoil (data from original labels). The E ware from the hearth was found with a bronze enamelled pin with key decoration. E4.3-4 may be associated with the well-known zoomorphic penannular brooch and an F3 zoomorphic brooch.


Description:
sharply carinated shoulder of beaker with internal rilling. Part of base with raised internal throwing spiral.

Condition:
abraded and weathered, possibly burnt, very soft.

References:
O Riordoin & Hartnett 1943, fig. 12, 19 & 206.

Comment:
this vessel is named as form 'E6' by Thomas (1990, 8, Fig. 1, 6) and is described as a tiny ungent or cosmetic jar, but it is similar in form and size to other E2 beakers.

Context:
midden deposit, with enamelled handpin and a type D7 penannular brooch.


Description:
Rim (E6.1-2) everted at 45ø, simple, slightly rounded with internal lidseat. Neck rounded, merging into shoulder. Base with string cut-off, badly finished.

Fabric:
E1, soft, with abundant red and brown iro ore.

Dimension:
RD 14cm, BD c.12cm, MS 3x4cm, 9x3cm, 10x2cm, 4x1cm.

References:
O Riordoin & Hartnett 1943,  fig. 12, nos. 5,7,8 &17.

Comment:
The size and abrasion of the sherds shows that the pottery is in secondary contexts and not necessarily contemporary with the metalwork.


Description:
Most of profile of jar. Rim (E7.1-2) everted at 45ø, rolled and thickened with bevelled exterior. Neck vertical. Base (E7.3-5) thick with strong internal rilling on lower body.

Fabric:
E1, with large iron ore particles up to 3mm of various colours.

References:
O Riordoin & Hartnett 1943, , fig. 12, nos 3,20-2,223.

Comment:
the excavators published some of these sherds (their no. 21) as a handmade local copy of the imported wares, but the sherds are merely burnt examples of E ware. The size and abrasion of the sherds shows that the material is in secondary contexts.


Context:
not noted, but presumably from primary occupation which also produced souterrain ware.


Comment:
a further base from the 1978 excavations, claimed as E ware, is a local hand-made ware.


Description:
Rim and neck of jar, rim strongly everted with rounded exterior and faint internal lidseat. Incised offset at top and bottom of vertical neck.

Comment:
Lid E11 was associated with this vessel.

Context:
on relict landsurface exposed by storms. No associated finds.


Description:
Lid of simple form with central hole at top.

Comment:
the only pierced lid known in E ware. Fits E10.


Description:
Complete vessel profile, about one third of the vessel surviving. Rim simple upright, upper body convex, sharply carinated shoulder. Base with string cut-off, string mark extending onto lower body wall.

Use:
exterior heavily sooted below carination. Interior with thick black and brown organic deposits.

Fabric:
E1, but fired to a stoneware hardness in places on the exterior surface.

Dimension:
RD 8.5cm, BD 4.3cm, H 6.8cm, MD 9cm, V 205cc, MS 9cm.

Comment:
this is the 'Buston beaker' used to define the E2 form, and the first E ware vessel to be illustrated. The organic deposits  and sooting indicate reuse of the vessel, which is not a cooking vessel form.

Context:
almost certainly from the midden deposit which also produced an Anglo-Saxon gold coin and other possible Saxon material, a gold spiral finger-ring, bone combs, numerous tools and weapons and a complete crucible.


Description:
Rim very strongly everted horizontally, unthickened, bevelled on exterior. Body with high shoulder, almost no neck, two broad shallow incised grooves above the shoulder. Tubular spout with pinched trefoil shape. Spout formed by making hole from interior, fitting the spout inside the hole then adding clay around the join on the exterior, and finally smearing  the inside top edge to the rim. No handle survives, suggesting there was only one originally opposite the spout. The self-slipping on the exterior is more pronounced than usual.

Use:
interior has purple stain which produced traces of madder dye (see Appendix 4). Exterior sooted on lower part.

Fabric:
E1, fired to a proto-stoneware.  The quartz grains are slightly coarser than normal. Two soft white fragments may be decomposed limestone.

Colour:
generally orange, with grey reduced patches/off-white to yellow/orange.

Dimension:
RD 20cm, MD 23cm, Spout D c.2.5cm, V c.3000cc, MS 9cm, 2x8cm.

Comment:
One of two known tubular-spouted vessels (see E192 from Scrabo). Originally described by Thomas (1959, 109) as possible Frankish ware related to Class E. Although unusual in its colour and surface appearance this vessel falls within the range of variation of E ware. The form is clearly a large jar, Form E1B, such as E27 from Dalkey Island, adapted to make a pitcher by adding a spout and possibly handle(s). The smearing of the spout to the rim is a characteristic technique of E ware, as seen in the handle attachments (E75-76 Dunadd). The presence of purple dye of the madder group may indicate reuse of the vessel or its original contents. The sooting does however show reuse of the vessel at some point, as this is a torage/serving vessel rather than a cooking pot.

Context:
almost certainly from the midden deposit, as E12.


Description:
basal sherd of jar with string cut-off, internal rilling.

Comment:
fabric identical to E70 from Dinas Powys.


Description:
rim (E15.1) strongly everted to form horizontal flange, rounded external lip with shallow groove on upper surface (?lid-seat). Neck vertical, sharply defined junction with shoulder. Body with single incised line above shoulder and strong internal rilling

Fabric:
E1, with abundant orange and red iron ore, and iron-rich clay pellets.

Comment:
the rim form is similar to that from Balinderry No. 2. One sherd has been made into a spindle whorl.

Context:
most of the sherds are in residual medieval contexts, though some are in one of the ditches of the promontory fort with Romano-British material.


Description:
sherd from just above the basal angle of jar.


Description:
E17.1 small fragment of one edge of wheel-thrown strap handle, surface minutely pitted through handling. E17.2 base with strong internal rilling and string cut-off.

References:
Close-Brooks 1986, Illus. 21, 45 & 46; Campbell 1986a.

Comment:
both sherds are probably from the same vessel.

Context:
E17.1 trench G, level 2, immediately to the rear of Rampart 1. Unsealed topsoil with many Dark-age moulds and other metalworking evidence. E17.2 trench J, level 2, unsealed topsoil 15m east of E17.1.


Description:
thin-walled jar, rim only slightly everted, not rolled or thickened, with slight groove on top surface. Neck curves into shoulder with no break of angle.

Comment:
a very unusual rim form, but definitely E ware.

Context:
Area XI, layer B1, CL1735, ditch of Early Ring-fort, stratified just above the 'Yellow Layer'.


Description:
rim simple, slightly bevelled. Upper body convex, broken at sharp carination.

Fabric:
E1, quartz sub-rounded, abundant iron ore.


Fabric:
E1, quartz milky, sub-rounded with some red iron ore.


Description:
base of heavy vessel with walls rising steeply, internal rilling.

Fabric:
E1, quartz very large, up to 3mm, also occasional large rounded iron ore up to 3mm.

Comment:
this base could belong to a large E1 vessel or an E4 jug. The steepness of the walls suggest a jug form, but as no certain bases of E4 forms can yet be identified this cannot be certain. There are no handle sherds in the assemblage.

Context:
Area XI, layer B3, ditch of Early Ring-fort, just above 'Yellow Layer'.


Comment:
these sherds are certainly not from any of the other identifiable vessels.


Description:
unassigned sherds  Includes one basal angle of small vessel E23 1, and one sherd with a single incised groove from near the neck E23 2

Comment:
Warner (1979, 38) suggested that the total assemblage contained at least 11 vessels, but this seems to be an overestimate. The small size  and abrasion of most of the sherds suggests that most are redeposited in secondary contexts.


Description:
base with string cut-off, no internal rilling.

Use:
no sooting, wear on outside edge of base.

Condition:
unabraded, stained brown, interior flaking.

Fabric:
E1, with some very large quartz up to 4mm, angular orange  or yellow iron ore.

Comment:
this base could possibly be from an E4 jug, but there is no evidence that this is the case.

Context:
from the upper occupation layer, which also contained the hanging bowl escutcheon mould.


Description:
much of one vessel, including many joining sherds. Rim strongly everted, thickened and rolled on exterior. Neck short, with an incised line at shoulder junction which has been wiped over and obscured when wet. Shoulder high with band of three or four shallow impressed grooves which may spiral to form second band of which only traces remain. Base thick, with strong internal ridging on lower wall and spiral rilling on base interior surface. String-cut base.

Colour:
very variable, black, brown, red or buff.

Dimension:
RD 20 cm, BD 12cm, MD 24cm, H c.17cm, V c.3900cc, MS 8cm, 2x7cm, 2x6cm, 2x5cm, 12x4cm, 17x3cm, 15x2cm, 3x1cm.

Comment:
one of only two or three E ware vessels with decoration of bands of grooves (see E124, 181). The vessel was broken and trampled in situ, both within and outside the area of the putative building on the rear of the bank (ibid., fig. 39: Illus. 166).

Context:
Site III, trampled into top of black occupation layer.


Comment:
stratigraphically earlier than E27 and not the lid of that vessel.

Context:
Site III, in the black midden near the hearth. Above Bv sherd B29.


Context:
trial cuttings 3 & 4 (1958), Site V. ?Topsoil.


Description:
rim everted at 45ø, rounded and rolled over, with prominent lid-seat.

Fabric:
E1, quartz sparser than usual, much red and yellow iron ore.

Context:
Site V, layer 519, pit in north-west of site.


Description:
rim, everted at 45ø, bevelled exterior, prominent lid-seat.


Description:
rim, everted at 45ø, rounded, lid-seat not obvious.

Comment:
this rim is similar to E31, and as the sherd is tiny it is not possible to be certain that it is a separate vessel.


Description:
rim of lid, thickened and rounded T-shaped.

Comment:
The stratigraphy was clearly disturbed here.

Context:
Site II, probably 1956 cutting, sealed beneath bank (but see text), with E31, B28, and a Spanish 13th-century amphora handle, two imported glass sherds, roofing slate.


Description:
basal half of beaker. Rounded shoulder, poppy-head profile, internal rilling.

Comment:
the rounded shoulder is very unusual in the E2 form, but this may be an E1C form, the bases of which are not well known.

Context:
Site II, E34.1 ditch (layer T8a), E34.2 sealed beneath bank, layer 259. Also beneath the bank were E33 and a Bii amphora rim B28.


Description:
unassigned sherds. Most seem to belong to E1 vessels E30 and E31. Includes basal sherds E35.1-3 & 6-9, probably from E30 and E31 respectively, and lower wall sherds E35.4-5, probably from E30.

Comment:
most of the sherds are associated with the occupation in Site V, and seem to form discreet groups of material suggesting little redeposition, as was the case on Site II.

Context:
Site V, layers 276, 285, 290, 501, 507, 509, 512, 551, all ?black occupation soil; and Trial cuts 1 & 5, topsoil (E35.3=1073).


Description:
base of heavy vessel. Cut-off messy, base not well-finished.

Fabric:
E1, very abundant quartz, occasional tiny mica.


Description:
complete profile of jar, many joining sherds. Rim everted at 60ø, thickened and rounded on exterior. Neck junction with shoulder sharp. Strong internal rilling on lower part. Base poorly finished with string mark up sidewall.

Dimension:
RD 16cm, BD 12cm, MD 20cm, H 18cm, V 3640cc, MS 7cm, 2x6cm, 5x4cm, 13x3cm, 2x2cm.

Comment:
the distribution of the sherds show that the vessel was trampled in situ on the rear of the bank (see text and Fig 52).

Context:
Cut 17, layers 13 and 14, on the rear of Bank 1.


Description:
almost complete profile of bowl. Rim simple, rounded. Shoulder sharply carinated with concavity below the rim.

Dimension:
RD 18cm, BD 8cm, MD 16.5cm; H 6.5cm, V 520cc, MS 2x5cm, 4x4cm, 4x3cm, 3x2cm.


Description:
rim and base of jar. Rim everted at 60ø, rounded and thickened with strong lid-seat marked by a groove. Neck/shoulder junction marked by an offset. Base poorly finished.

Dimension:
RD 16cm, BD 12cm, MD 19cm, H c.16cm, V c.2800cc.

Context:
Cut 18, layers 4-7, mainly rear of Bank 1.


Comment:
although the rim profiles are slightly different, these are probably from the same vessel.

Context:
Cut 12, layer 12b, rear of Bank 1; Cut 17, topsoil.


Description:
rim E38.1 and handle E38.2 of jug. Rim long and flaring at 45ø, lip rounded and thickened. Strap handle wheel-thrown with two prominent longitudinal grooves and overfolded margins. Handle attached directly to upper edge of rim, luted to underside.

Dimension:
RD c.14cm, handle W 3.5cm, MS 5cm, 3cm, 2cm.

Comment:
the handle and rim are not certainly from the same vessel but their close proximity strongly suggests that they are. The only basal sherd which might possibly be from this vessel is E48, also found nearby, but this seems to be from a larger vessel.

Context:
Cut 6, layer 3, midden; Cut 16E, layers 1 & 3, rubble on entrance passageway.


Description:
large globular vessel, rim and base missing. Diagonal throwing marks at base of neck show that it is a fairly closed form.

Comment:
This vessel is noticeably whiter than any other vessel on the site and of a distinctive form not noted elsewhere in the E ware assemblage. One neck sherd E42.1 was found beneath Bank 1 with two other E ware sherds E45, along with 6th-century Mediterranean

Context:
Cuts 12, 23 and 25, beneath Bank 1, on the rear of Bank 1 and in Gully 3.


Description:
rim, simple everted form with slight external bevel. Base, walls narrowing rapidly upwards, strong internal rilling.

Comment:
base sherd may belong with E44, which is very similar.

Context:
Cut 15, layer 2, topsoil; Cut 19.1E, layer 3, upper fill of Gully 6.


Description:
rim, simple, everted with vertical outer profile.

Comment:
although very similar to E43, this appears to be a different vessel.

Context:
Cut 4, layer 12b, rear of Bank 1, with E35.


Description:
rim, thickened and bevelled, with internal groove.

Comment:
unusual rim similar to E59 from Dunadd, form not identifiable. Found with E42.1, another unusual vessel, and may be an early E ware form.

Context:
Cut 12, layers 4 & 19, benath Bank 1; Cut 11C, interior topsoil.


Comment:
although tiny this rim sherd is of E1C form and is identical to the rim from Lesser Garth E128.


Comment:
no rims or bases can be matched to this distinctive fabric.


Description:
basal part of wall, with strong internal rilling.

Context:
Cut 11A, packing of Gully 1, eavesdrip gully


Description:
rim, everted at 90ø, rolled and thickened. Bodysherd has one incised groove.


Description:
strap handle, wheel-thrown, with two longitudinal shallow grooves.

References:
Alcock 1976, fig. 1, 7. Alcock & Alcock 1990, illus 13, 49


Description:
rim of narrow-mouthed vessel. Rim simple, rounded, but with ledge on interior like a lid-seat.

References:
Alcock 1976, fig. 1, 6. Alcock & Alcock 1990, illus 13, 50

Comment:
this is the neck of a bottle or flagon, not a tubular spout as on E4B vessels such as  E13. It is an unique form in the E ware assemblage. The strap handle E48 is in a similar fabric and may belong to the same vessel, but this is only a possibility.


Description:
lower wall sherd with strong internal rilling. The outer surface has been wet-wiped with a pad of wool, leaving hair marks where the pad was lifted off.

Comment:
this vessel is not the same as E51 or E52.


Description:
rim strongly everted at 60ø, thickened and rounded with prominent lid-seat. Neck vertical, upper body globular.

Fabric:
E1, one large white quartz, rounded, 9x6mm. Several orange quartz.

Comment:
unusual rim and body form, cf. E160 from Mote of Mark.


Description:
rim strongly everted at 90ø, not thickened, outer edge angled. Possible lid-seat on flat upper edge of rim. There is a large irregularity on the rim, perhaps a large inclusion.

Context:
unstratified, 1904-5 excavations, 'lower fort'.


Description:
rim everted at 60ø, rounded, not thickened. Offset at neck/shoulder junction, with incised groove 22mm below this.

Comment:
very simple rim for an E1 vessel. The offset and groove form a flat panel between them, perhaps made with a former.


Description:
rim everted at 60ø, rounded and thickened.

Context:
unstratified, GP 240 from 'lower fort', 1904-5 excavations, HPO 433 from 1929 excavations.


Description:
rim everted at 90ø, with rounded lip, not thickened, flat top, L-shaped. Neck vertical.


Description:
rim everted at 60ø, folded back inside over lid-seat, bevelled on exterior. Neck vertical.

Comment:
this unusual rim is somewhat similar to E45 from Dinas Powys and formed in a similar manner.


Description:
rim strongly everted in curve, outer edge bevelled.


Description:
large part of wall profile of vessel with rather globular form. Off-set at neck/shoulder junction. The shape is deformed by a large inclusion in the clay. The vessel was wet-wiped but not on the wheel.

Use:
purple stain on interior lower wall, but no dye detected on analysis. Slight sooting.

Fabric:
E1, with much red iron ore. There is a carbonised bud scale on the exterior surface.

Comment:
The bud scale in the fabric was identified as ash tree (Fraxinus sp.) using Attwood 1972 and reference collection in Institute of Archaeology, London.. The fabric of this body does not match any of the rim sherds.

Context:
E61.1, unstratified, 'lower fort' 1904-5 excavations; E61.2, topsoil (61), site 3, enclosure D, 1981 excavations.


Description:
mid-part of vessel profile, rather globular form. One incised line near base of neck.

Comment:
The fabric of this vessel does not match any of the rim sherds.


Description:
rim, strongly everted at 90ø, rounded and thickened, with lid-seat on almost flat upper surface. Neck vertical.

Context:
unstratified, 'lower fort', 1904-5 excavations.


Description:
rim and upper body of tall beaker. Rim simple, with bevelled edges, slightly out-turned, slightly thickened. No sign of carination.

Fabric:
E1, but quartz large, up to 4mm, no iron ore.

Comment:
the form of this vessel, with its tall upper body, is unusual within the E2 group of vessels. The fabric is also slightly unusual in its visual appearance and colour. The 14C date suggests that this might be a late (?8th-century) example. Hodges (pers. comm.) notes a resemblence to Normandy Gritty Ware.

Context:
Enclosure A, Site 1, layer 25, 1981 excavations. This sherd was stratified in occupation deposits sealed by the rebuilding of the rampart and outside the earlier fort wall. A 14C date from the same layer gave a date of CAL AD 640-980 (1240 + 80BP).


Context:
E65.1: unstratified 1929 excavations. E65.2: Site 3, layer 39, 1980 excavations in enclosure D metalworking deposits. In Phase IIIc deposits, unsealed.


Description:
rim, everted at almost 90ø, rounded and thickened with bevelled edges.

Comment:
this rim is identical to E43 from Dinas Powys.


Description:
rim (E67.1) and body profile (E67.2-3), not joining, of small jar. Rim strongly everted at 90ø with angular profile. Body globular with strong internal rilling.

Dimension:
RD 14cm, BD ?12cm, MD ?16cm, MS 7cm, 5cm.

Comment:
not certainly from the same vessel, but the fabrics are very close. The basal part matches E138 from Loch Glashan.


Description:
neck and body profile of small jar. Globular form with low shoulder.

Comment:
it is just possible that this body matches rim E66.


Description:
profile of bowl. Rim simple, rounded and outurned. Sharply carinated shoulder just below rim. Base with string cut-off. Interior and rim wet-wiped on wheel, exterior irregularly.

Use:
Two patches on exterior, around shoulder. No sooting.

Dimension:
RD 17cm, BD 8.5cm, H 6.5cm, V 480cc, MS 14cm.

Comment:
wear indicates considerable period of use, perhaps supported under rim.


Description:
complete profile of bowl. Rim rounded, with sharply carinated shoulder just below.

Use:
heavily sooted on exterior. Outer surface with wear patches, interior spalled.

Dimension:
RD 17cm, BD 6cm, H 6.2cm, V 350cc, MS 10cm.

Comment:
clearly reused as a cooking or heating vessel. The wear patches on the exterior suggest that it was propped against stones in the hearth.


Description:
rim, rounded and out-turned, with sharply carinated shoulder just below.

Comment:
possibly used in the same fashion as E70.


Description:
rim, everted at 90ø, rounded. Very unusual, possibly an E5 lid

Comment:
This is either a bowl of unusual form, or just possibly a lid, though it would not be as shallow as other lids.


Description:
rim and spout of jug. Rim simple, out-turned, not rounded. Spout broad, of pinched trefoil shape. There are two faint raised lines 1.5 cm below the rim.

Fabric:
?E1, burning makes certain idenification difficult.

Comment:
there are no other sherds like this in the assemblage but this may be due to the burning. E79.2 may possibly be the base of this vessel.


Description:
strap handle, wheel-thrown, with roll on underside. One longitudinal groove. Lower end attached to body  by luting.


Description:
rim and handle stub. Rim out-turned, rounded. Handle luted to body below rim, and upper surface of rim smeared over handle with thumb mark.

Comment:
characteristic smearing of rim over handle cf. E13, E76.


Description:
rim and handle stub of jug. Rim flaring at 45ø, rounded. Strap handle wheel-thrown, with one broad longitudinal groove. Attached as E75.

Fabric:
E1, very quartz rich, with large iron ore.


Description:
lower end of strap handle, wheel thrown, with two angular longitudinal grooves. End smeared out to attach to body.


Description:
part of spout of jug. Rim flaring, spout pinched.

Comment:
this spout is not like any handle fabric.


Description:
strap handle, wheel thrown, with at least one longitudinal groove.


Description:
base of large vessel with string cut-off. Strong internal rilling.

Comment:
possibly could be the base of jug E73 as the form is slightly more rounded than E1. In that case the sooting would indicate re-use.


Context:
unstratified. E79.3:'lower fort, 1904-5 excavations. E79.4: 1929 excavations.


Comment:
the 1929 sherds almost certainly came from Craw's trench Z which overlapped Site 3.

Context:
E79.7 Site 3, layer 90, 1981 excavations: enclosure D, unsealed metalworking deposits of Phase IIIc. Several 14C dates of 7th-century calibrated date (see text). E79.10 Site 3, layer 71, details as E79.7.  E79.8 & E79.9 unstratified, 1929 excavations.


Description:
part of lower wall of large vessel with internal rilling, broken just above the basal angle.

Use:
sooting on exterior, purple stain on interior.

Dimension:
T 7-10mm, MS 10cm, BD c.10cm, MD c.18cm.

Comment:
dye of the Madder group detected by Penny Walton (see Appendix 4). The purple clour is very similar to that on the vessel from Teeshan E206.


Description:
base of small beaker, with internal rilling and string cut-off. Base poorly finished. Surface not wet-wiped.

Context:
1981 excavations, Site 3, layer 71. Enclosure D, Phase IIIc unsealed metalworking deposits.


Context:
1981 excavations, Site 3, layer 92. Enclosure D, Phase IIIa metalworking deposits which have several 7th-century calibrated 14C dates. Layer 92 produced date of 1440+50 BP.


Context:
1981 excavation, Site 3, layer 81. Enclosure D, Phase IIIc unsealed midden deposits.


Context:
1981 excavations, Site 3, layer 64. Enclosure D, Phase IIIc unsealed metalworking deposits.


Context:
1981 excavations, Site 3, layer 90. Enclosure D, Phase IIIc unsealed metalworking deposits.


Context:
unstratified, 3 sherds from 1904-5 excavations, 14 from 1929 excavations.


Context:
trench 101/401, Period IB. Overlies timber with high-precision wiggle-matched date of 608+15-30.


Description:
rim, everted at 60ø, rounded and thickened, with faint lid-seat.

Fabric:
E2, with some small mica plates. Fabric softer than normal

Comment:
The form and fabric of this sherd can be matched in the E ware assemblage, but both are unusual, though this must be an import, but it is difficult to say whether it is certainly E ware.

Context:
Phase 3,  Epsilon. On top of latest occupation, sealed by collapse of walling (Zeta). Found with possible souterrain ware sherd.


Description:
most of profile of beaker. Rim simple, slightly bevelled on top, profile variable. Sharp shoulder carination.

Dimension:
RD 8.5cm, MD 9cm, H 6-6.5cm, V c.190cc, MS 2x5cm, 4cm, 3cm, 2cm.

Comment:
both the context and condition of these sherds show that they are in redeposited contexts.

Context:
cutting 301, layers 308 & 310. Phase 3, dereliction of rampart A; and Phase 4, medieval rampart.


Description:
bodysherd near base of jar. Internal rilling.

Fabric:
E1, with brown iron ore and spherical black ?carbonised grain.


Fabric:
E1, many small pink quartz grains, one mica plate.

Comment:
the context no. on the sherd differs from that published.

Context:
cutting 101, DH111, burning in ?redeposited material overlying Rampart A. Period ?3. above 14C dates of 5th to 7th and 7th to 9th centuries.


Description:
bodysherd of large vessel with strong internal rilling.

Fabric:
E1, sparse quartz, with occasional clay pellets. Not as laminated as most E ware.

Comment:
although the look of this sherd is somewhat unusual, there is little doubt that it is E ware.

Context:
cutting 101, layer 117, industrial area. Period 1, with 14C dates of 5th to 7th and 7th to 9th centuries.


Comment:
quoted as possibly medieval, but seems to belong to the E2 fabric group. Without any indication of form it is difficult to be sure that this an import.


Description:
complete profile of jar. Rim everted at 90ø, thickened, with square profile. There is an intermittent groove on the upper surface of the rim. Body squat, with rim narrower than usual, with thick lower walls. Strong internal rilling, base convex.

Fabric:
E1, quartz up to 4mm, with occasional cavities ?due to burnt out organics.

Dimension:
RD 12.5cm, MD 18cm, BD 11cm, H 16cm, V 2200cc, MS 2x8cm, 7cm, 2x6cm.


Description:
rim, everted and thickened, with square profile and bevelled edges.


Description:
complete profile of beaker. Rim simple, slightly flattened on top with internal lip. Sharp shoulder carination, strong internal rilling. Base with string cut-off.

Dimension:
RD 10cm, MD 10cm, BD 3.5cm, H 7cm, V 230cc, MS 8cm, 7cm, 6cm, 5cm, 4cm.


Description:
upper part of beaker.  Rim simple, upper body sharply carinated outwards at shoulder and inwards just above.

Fabric:
E1, with some rounded quartz, softer than normal.

Comment:
an unusually thin and sharply carinated vessel for an E2 beaker.


Description:
base of beaker, broken near basal angle.

Fabric:
E1, some iron ore, one large quartz 10mm.

Comment:
the original drawing is incorrect, as the outer surfaces are all lost. This base does not match E90 and cannot go with E89 and is therefore a third E2 vessel.


Description:
almost complete profile of jar. Rim everted at more than 90ø, thickened, with bevelled angular profile and offset below. Body high shouldered, with some internal rilling on lower part.

Fabric:
E1, much quartz up to 5mm, some iron ore.

Dimension:
RD 15cm, MD 18cm, H c.16cm, V c.2400cc, MS 10cm, 2x9cm, 3x8cm, 3x6cm, 2x5cm, 2x4cm, 6x3cm, 4x2cm.

Comment:
this vessel was clearly broken in situ. Base E98.1-7 probably goes with this vessel, and the illustration shows it restored thus.


Description:
rim and base sherds of large jar. Rim everted at 45ø, but folded back inwards forming a lid-seat groove, rather angular profile. Offset at base of neck. Base thin.

Comment:
it is possible that this base belongs to E94.


Description:
rim and upper body of small jar. Rim flaring, rounded profile, not thickened, with lid-seat. Neck merges into upper body without distinctive shoulder.


Description:
body of small vessel. Offset at base of neck, high shoulder.

Fabric:
E1, with some rounded quartz, no iron ore.

Comment:
Thomas 1990, fig. 1, top left, as E1 jar.


Description:
lower part of large jar with strong internal rilling.


Description:
part of distorted vessel, with possible firing cracks.

Comment:
distorted before and possibly during firing. Not illustrated.


Description:
most of profile of jar. Rim everted at 45ø, profile arrow-shaped. Neck vertical, sharp angle with body. Lower body with internal rilling. Base with string cut-off and internal spiral.

Colour:
off-white/buff/off-white, darker in lower part.

Dimension:
RD 14cm, MD 17cm, BD 10cm, H c.14cm, V c.1670cc, MS 6cm, 4x5cm, 2x4cm, 6x3cm, 3x2cm.

Comment:
this vessel was discarded in the ditch and is therefore not in a residual context, but the 14C  dates are from old timbers. It is associated with a zoomorphic brooch of the Clogher type.

Context:
phase 1 ditch deposits, with 14C dates of 5th- to 7th-century.


Description:
almost complete profile of jar. Rim everted at 60ø, thickened, with sub-square profile. Neck long and vertical. Internal rilling.

Condition:
restored vessel, though many sherds do not join.

Dimension:
RD 18cm, MD 22cm, BD ?10cm, H ?19cm, MS 8cm, 7cm, 7x5cm, 5x4cm, 5x3cm, 2cm.

Comment:
the reconstruction of the vessel, which is partly conjectural, is probably overextended in height (at 22cm), and the narrow base suggests a squatter shape as illustrated here.

Context:
sherds all from one context in the midden.


Description:
rim, everted at 45ø, thickened and rounded.

Location:
excavator, C Thomas: GM1. 23, 175, no no.


Description:
rim, everted at 60ø, rounded and thickened, lid seat.


Description:
Almost complete profile of jar, 5 joining sherds. Rim everted at 45ø, long and flaring, rounded and slightly thickened. Lid-seat on interior and offset on  underside of rim. Neck/shoulder junction marked by slight ridge. Internal rilling on lower body, broken just above base. Surface wet-wiped diagonally below rim, with finger lifting marks at base.

Use:
no sooting. wear on inner lip of lidseat and outer edges of rim. Patches of wear at shoulder and below (shown on illustration) may be post-breakage or use marks. One sherd stained grey by burial conditions, others fresh.

Fabric:
E1, 1 grain of amythest, 1 of sandstone, little iron ore.

Colour:
orange firing patches/light buff. Interior with reduced grey patch

Dimension:
RD 16cm, MD 20cm, H c.16cm, V c.2300cc, MS 9cm, 4x5cm.

Comment:
The wear marks indicate use of a lid, and possibly transport or storage in contact with other vessels. The size of the sherds show that the vessel is not residual. The distinctive rim details are matched by E116 from Knowth, which must be from the same batch of vessels by a single potter.

Context:
site III, 1964/74 excavations. Spreads  of sand, gravel and burning, probably an open working area, which also produced glass stud moulds and a copper alloy bell. 14C dates of 4th- to 6th-century came from a context below the E ware.


Comment:
unusual surface colour. The other sherds mentioned by Thomas 1981, 20 could not be located.


Description:
rim and upper body of jar. Rim everted at 90ø, L-shaped with flat top and rounded edges.

Fabric:
E1, with occasional clay pellets and large red iron ore, one with a quartz grain included.

Context:
upper occupation inside dun, scattered near entrance.


Description:
base of beaker, with string cut-off and strong internal spiral.

Fabric:
E1, with large organic cavity 2mm in diametre and 6mm long. One grain of sandstone pressed into base.

Location:
Office Public buildings Works, dublin: E 184:3.

Context:
cutting 3, top of external annexe ditch fill, with modern material.


Description:
rim (E112.1), out-turned, simple, not rounded. Base (E112.2-3) with faint trace of cut-off.

Fabric:
E1, sparse organic cavities, larger quartz not abundant.

Comment:
a very simple rim, matched at Knowth E118.


Description:
base of small jar with string cut-off and internal spiral.

Comment:
rather small for an E1 vessel, therefore could belong to an E1C. Not the same vessel as E2 rim E117.


Comment:
very simple rim, note similarity to E115  from Kiondroghad.


Description:
rim, everted at 45ø, rounded and thickened lip. Faint lidseat on interior, with offset and ridge below rim.

Comment:
this rim is identical to E108 from Iona and is sufficiently distinctive to suggest that they are from the same batch by a single potter.

Context:
cutting 48/9, outer ditch, at junction of Iron Age and Early Christian levels.


Description:
lower part of jar. Base very convex, lower body globular, sagging. Very marked internal rilling. Underside of base has two small holes 1mm diameter, like kiln stacking marks.

Dimension:
BD 12cm, MD 19cm, MS 9cm, 2x8cm, 6+5cm, 5cm.

Comment:
this vessel appears to have sagged while standing upside down, giving it a wide-bellied appearance.


Description:
rim of large jar, flaring neck, rim rounded and slightly everted.


Description:
upper half of beaker. Rim upright, rounded and  turned inwards to form internal lip. Shoulder carinated, but not sharply.

Comment:
the form of this vessel is not as neatly executed as is usual. The treatment of the rim is the same as E86 from Garryduff.


Description:
base, internal spiral with central boss. Exterior with string cut-off, basal angle poorly finished.

Use:
interior with thick carbonised residue. no external sooting.

References:
Hencken 1950, fig. 59, 285 (scale wrong).


Description:
most of profile of bowl. Rim out-turned, rounded. Three lines of rilling between shoulder and rim. Some internal rilling.

Use:
exterior burnt and sooted, interior with carbonised residue at base.

Fabric:
E1, quartz rather sparse, much red iron ore.

Comment:
clearly re-used to heat organic material. The rilling below the rim is unique, but it is not clear if it is decoration or throwing marks.


Use:
base  (E125.1) and some body sherds sooted.

Comment:
the base may belong to E121. One of the other sherds has many organic inclusions. Another sherd has a purple stain on the interior, possibly due to madder dye, but this has not been analysed.


Description:
bodysherd of small vessel, straight-sided, with offset at base of neck.

Fabric:
E2, rounded quartz, c. 0.5mm, mainly white.

Comment:
the form of this vessel is similar to E128 from Lesser Garth, suggesting it is an E1C beaker.


Fabric:
E2, abundant well-rounded quartz, occasional mica.

Comment:
the fabric of this vessel differs from E126.


Description:
rim and upper body of beaker. Rim everted, rounded. Offset at base of neck.

Comment:
the rim is identical to E43 from Dinas Powys.

Context:
cutting Q, unstratified in fallen material.


Description:
bodysherd of beaker with carinated shoulder.

Fabric:
E1, abundant tiny quartz, a few mica plates, one large grit of vein quartz with crystals.

Context:
trench 7, layer 4. Black midden sealing and abutting inner bank.


Description:
shoulder sherd of jar, with two incised lines.

Comment:
drawing after R Warner. No mention of incised lines in published account.

Context:
occupation layer, south-west quadrant of Ring-fort 1, 2m from hearth 3.


Comment:
fabric said to differ from E130. Not illustrated.


Description:
rim everted at 45ø, angular profile, shallow lidseat.

Fabric:
E1,  much tiny sparkling quartz, some orange iron ore.

Context:
from under the porch of the medieval longhouse, Site J.


Fabric:
E2, sparse well-rounded quartz, much red iron ore.


Fabric:
E1, with a few grains of sandstone and mica.

Comment:
This may be a third vessel, but this is not certain.


Description:
most of profile of jar. Rim everted at almost 90ø, slightly thickened and bevelled, with lidseat. Sharp neck/shoulder carination. Broken just above base.

Use:
inside edge of lidseat worn. Exterior sooted on lower part.

Location:
Kelvingrove Museum, Glasgow: LG 5, 13, 14, 18.

Comment:
very similar rim to E39 from Dinas Powys.

Context:
mainly in the sandy floor, near  one hearth, with one sherd in the brushwood makeup outside the building.


Description:
most of profile of jar. Rim (E137.1) everted at 45ø, rounded and thickened. Neck vertical. No internal rilling.

Fabric:
E1, abundant iron ore of various colours, one large quartz 7x4mm, one rounded rock fragment.

Location:
Kelvingrove Museum, Glasgow: LG 6, 7, 8, 10, no no.


Description:
most of profile of jar. Rim (E135.1-3) everted at 60ø, simple, angular profile, with lidseat. Neck vertical, upper body globular. Lower body (E135.4-8), not joining, globular, sagging over base, which is thick and badly formed with slight pedestal. Internal and some external rilling. Base dried on coarse sand leaving impressions around edge.

Use:
no sooting, but there is a black ring around lower 2cm of wall, perhaps firing mark. Slight purple stain on two sherds.

Fabric:
E1, with a few sandstone grains, a few carbonised organic inclusions, brown iron ore.

Location:
Kelvingrove Museum, Glasgow: LG 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, no no.

Context:
near surface, on top of brushwood layer outside building.


Description:
basal part of globular vessel. Internal rilling, basal string cut-off.

Use:
base sooted on exterior. Interior with carbonised organic material on upper part. Heavily burnt.

Comment:
the base of this vessel has been trimmed down after breakage and reused as a lamp or shallow cooking vessel. The form of this base is unique and the original form may have been a small globular vessel or bowl of unusual form.

Context:
c.0.60m deep in brushwood outside building.


Description:
almost complete vessel, about one-third missing. Rim triangular, flat-topped. Neck flaring, body high-shouldered with internal and external finger rilling. There are firing cracks on the upper body and the base where the present piece is missing. Surface uneven, lumpy.

Fabric:
E1, with red and brown iron ore and clay pellets up to 8mm.

Dimension:
RD 13cm, MD 15cm, BD 8cm, H 12.3cm, V 1120cc, MS 15cm.

References:
RCAHMS 1988, Illus. 34B. Campbell & Crone 2005, vessel 5

Comment:
a unique form of vessel as far as the rim and upper part are concerned. The vessel was clearly abandoned with the site and is therefore later stratigraphically than E136 & E137.

Context:
sitting upright on the surface of the crannog, near the hearths.


Location:
Kelvingrove Museum, Glasgow: LG 11, no no.


Description:
simple flaring rim with groove on upper surface. Some internal rilling.

Comment:
this sherd, along with four unclassified ones, were originally labelled in the RMS as 'Buston crannog' and were then transferred to 'Lochspouts crannog'. However reading of Munro's accounts of the three crannogs makes it clear that this, and four unclassified white ware sherds, are the five white ware sherds  from Lochlee referred to by Munro.


Description:
Rim, strongly everted at 90ø, rolled and thickened lip. Upper surface with shallow groove.


Description:
Rim, flaring at 45ø, thickened and bevelled, faint lid seat.


References:
Campbell & Lane 1993, 39, fig. 6, LB1339

Comment:
Very similar to E144, but not the same vessel.


Description:
E146.1 Rim, everted at 90ø, rectangular L-shaped profile, unthickened. Neck vertical. E146.2 Base, faint cut-off, wall at steep angle.


Fabric:
Unusual, much tiny mica, some rounded iron ore, abundant iron ore.

Comment:
Fabric is similar to vessel from Carew Castle.


Comment:
The two sherds illustrated are from near the base of a large vessel, which may not be one of the vessels noted above.

Context:
All are from unstratified topsoil, 1958, 1984, 1986, 1988, 1990,  except two sherds from Area E (6), a post hole or pit, 1988.


Description:
Base and lower wall sherd. Base with cut-off, some slumping at base of wall distorting shape.

Use:
sooted and spalled exterior, interior with carbonised deposits.


Description:
Base, with string cut-off (threads visible). Strong internal spiral.

Use:
blackened inside and out, perhaps post-depositional, wear on interior.

Fabric:
E1, with more rounded grains than usual. A few large cavities.


Description:
Rim, everted at 90ø, rolled and thickened, overhanging. Lid seat.

Context:
"below stones of top floor" i.e. upper level of the latest phase, disturbed.


Description:
Rim, flaring at 45ø, simple sub-square profile, unthickened.


Description:
Rim, everted at 90ø, rolled and thickened to circular profile.


Description:
Rim and shoulder of small jar. Rim everted at 60ø, with lid seat, rectangular profile. Neck vertical, sharply differentiated from shoulder.

Comment:
Thomas's drawing adds a lower wall sherd which probably does not belong to this vessel.


Comment:
none of these sherds can be definitely matched to the rim sherds.


Description:
Rim and upper body of bowl. Rim rounded, sharp carination 16mm below rim.

References:
Curle 1914, fig. 21. Campbell 2006, vessel 1


Description:
Rim, everted at 45ø, thickened triangular profile, with groove on top surface.

References:
Curle 1914, fig. 21. Campbell 2006, vessel 7


Description:
Rim, everted at 60ø, rounded, unthickened.

References:
Curle 1914, fig. 21. Campbell 2006, vessel 8


Description:
Rim, everted at 90ø, with very strong lid seat giving stepped profile.

References:
Curle 1914, fig. 21. Campbell 2006, vessel 9


Description:
Rim, everted at 60ø, triangular profile, with groove on upper surface.

References:
Curle 1914, fig. 21?. Campbell 2006, vessel 10

Comment:
may be same vessel as E158, but fabric looks different.


Description:
Rim of jug, part of trefoil or pinched spout.


Description:
Rim of small jar. Rim sharply everted then folded in creating deep lid-seat groove.


Description:
Rim of beaker, simple flaring. Two incised grooves 1mm wide on exterior below rim.

References:
Longley 1979, fig. 1b.Campbell 2006, vessel 5


Description:
Base of beaker. Basal angle, with string cut-off and lifting marks on lower wall. Base poorly finished


Description:
Handle (E167.1) of small vessel, wheel-thrown with single longitudinal groove. part of pinched spout. Also rim with part of pinched spout (E167.2),

Condition:
E167.1 very abraded. E167.2 burnt reddish

Comment:
This is unique in the E ware assemblage in size. Small handles are found on some Merovingian vessels which are not true jugs. E168.1, a possible spout, may go with this piece.


Description:
Base of beaker, string cut-off, internal raised spiral. Exterior of base has coarse sand, identical to temper, adhering as if placed wet or leather hard on a bed of sand.

Comment:
The use of a sand bed is seen in a few other bases, including E168.3.


Description:
base of beaker, with internal raised spiral and string cut-off. Some sand adhering to exterior.


Comment:
may be a different vessel to E168.2 & .3, but too small to be sure.


Description:
E260.20 base of E1 jar, others undiagnostic bodysherds.

Use:
no sooting, but several have faint 'glaze', perhaps due to fuel ash slag.

Comment:
some of these small sherds are difficult to place securely in the E ware category.


Description:
base and wall sherds of large jar, slightly concave, with string cut-off.

Context:
two sherds from topsoil, one from outside palisade perhaps earlier than the entrance structure.


Condition:
sooted, covering spall mark, therefore possibly not primary use.


Description:
basal part of beaker. Base concave, string cut-off, poorly finished.

Use:
heavily sooted exterior, over spall marks. Body with large spalls on interior and exterior. Interior worn and sooted above lower part.

Fabric:
E1, with red iron ore (some with quartz grains, some organic inclusions.

Comment:
this vessel has been reused, perhaps as a lamp or in metalworking as shown by the very heavy spalling and internal wear.

Context:
2nd phase of occupation, near rectangular stone ?building, with crucibles, tuyŠre, and crude penannular brooch.


Description:
Rim of jar, strongly everted at 90ø, bevelled L-shaped profile with groove on upper surface. Neck has off-set at base


Description:
Rim, everted at 90ø, thickened and rounded, L-shaped, with groove on upper surface.


Fabric:
Unusual, soft, with mixed rouded and sub-angular grains, a little iron ore.

Comment:
this is not certainly E ware, and is not from a secure context, but is probably a closely related ware.

Context:
Square 14, J7, removing baulks. Top of black occupation layer.


Context:
layer 7, upper phase associated with stone building.


Description:
Rim, flaring at 45ø, thickened and bevelled. Lid seat.


Description:
decorated bodysherds. Two bands of shallow grooves (at least 3) 16mm apart.

Comment:
the only other vessel with bands of grooving is E27 from Dalkey Island.

Context:
layer 6 and 7, and unstratified. upper and lower occupation.


Description:
base and body sherds of ?jug. Base with internal spiral, lower body with internal rilling. Spiral twist marks on neck indicate fairly closed form.

Context:
layer 45, lower occupation, associated with timber building.


Description:
Rim, strongly everted at 90ø, slightly thickened and bevelled, with lid seat on upper surface. Offset at base of neck.


Description:
base and shoulder of beaker. Strong internal rilling. Shoulder not sharply carinated.


Description:
rim and upper body of small jar or beaker. rim everted at 45ø, rounded and thickened, with lid seat. Offset at base of neck.

Comment:
similar to vessel from Tours (Illus. 55, CE7).


Description:
Rim and profile of bowl. Rim flaring at 45ø, rounded profile, formed by folding flange of clay inwards. Sharply carinated shoulder, with two incised grooves just above carination.

Dimension:
RD 18cm, MD 17cm, T 6-7mm, MS 8cm, H 6-7cm, V 560cc.


Description:
Rim and body of small bowl. Rim triangular, flat topped, sharp carination at shoulder.

Comment:
the rim is unusual for a bowl, as is the small size.


Description:
rim of bowl, rounded. Shoulder very slightly carinated.

Comment:
the carination is very weak compared to all other bowls.


Description:
Rim of jug or pitcher, rounded, flaring at 30ø.

Comment:
not certainly a jug, but rim matches other jugs from Dunadd.


Description:
upper body of doubly carinated vessel. Carinations pushed out from interior.

Dimension:
MD 16-18cm, T 5mm, MS 7cm, 4cm, 3cm, 2cm.

Comment:
unique vessel, similar to 'butt-beaker' form seen in some Merovingian vessels.


Description:
lower bodysherd, with two deep incised grooves 3mm wide near base.

Comment:
grooves in this position are not found on any other vessel.


Comment:
the overlying layer 7 contains much local grass-marked ware.

Context:
mainly from layer 6, lower occupation layer, or unstratified.


Description:
Rim and spout of pitcher. Rim everted at 60ø, rounded, bevelled. Faint 'lid seat'. Spout tubular, wheel thrown, pinched trefoil shape, smeared onto rim, knife trimmed on lower part, applied slightly squint.

Comment:
characteristic smearing onto rim. See E13 for another E4B.


Description:
Rim and body of large jug or pitcher. Rim simple flaring at 45ø. Neck not vertical.

Fabric:
E1, with a few sandstone grains, red iron ore streaks.

Comment:
unusual simple rim indicates pitcher form.


Description:
rim, everted at 90ø, rounded and thickened, strong internal lid seat.


Description:
rim and base of bowl. Sharp shoulder carination, rim rounded.

Dimension:
RD 15cm, H c.6cm, BD c.9cm, MD 14.5cm, V c.390cc.


Description:
rim and base of bowl. Shoulder not sharply carinated.


Description:
rim and base of jar. Rim everted, rounded, with lid seat and offset below.


Description:
lower part of large jar. Strong internal rilling. Base concave, with string cut-off and internal spiral. Body slumped on one side (during firing or drying).

Use:
exterior sooted. Interior with strong purple staining, almost glaze-like.

Comment:
the form is identical to other E1B vessels. The purple stain has been analysed as Dyers' Madder (Appendix 4).


Description:
bodysherd of beaker, with sharply carinated shoulder.

Comment:
later stage than stage 9 which contains numerous Mediterranean imports and some glass

Context:
P13, 359, topsoil in lynchet later than Ditch, Stage 10


Description:
Base of E2 beaker.  String cut-off, fingerprints on body exterior

Comment:
Deposited in Period I/1.6, some sherds displaced to later deposits. Form unusual in not being sharply carinated at the shoulder.  The only other insular examples are from Dalkey Island (Liversage 1968, Pl. 10, ec6), and Samson (Campbell 1991, illus. 51), but the form is found widely in Frankish cemeteries (Campbell 1991, illus. 55-7).

Context:
Three joining sherds, 14314/0 & /1, Block 95.00; 13600, Block 99.00.  Shoulder of beaker.  Maximum D. 10 cm.  Two joining sherds, 14170, Block 109.00; 14018, Block 82.03.


Description:
Complete profile of E3  bowl with sharply carinated shoulder.  Base with string cut-off and slight pedestal form.

Comment:
Period I/12 posthole cutting a Period I/5 pit, associated with Building I/24


Description:
Rim of E3  bowl, profile similar to E209

Fabric:
E1, fabric distinctive pink, coarse, with white surfaces.

Comment:
Deposited in rubbish spread 109, Period I/3, some displaced to later contexts


Description:
Rim and profile of E3  bowl with sharply carinated shoulder and beaded rim.  Base sherd with  slight pedestal.

Use:
Interior heavily worn, with carbon deposits near rim.

Dimension:
RD. 20 cm., BD. c.8 cm., estimated height 6.5 cm.


Description:
Rim of E3  bowl with carinated shoulder decorated with two incised grooves.  The profile is less carinated than the other bowls.

Comment:
Period I/10 silts, along with many other E ware sherds.  The two incised lines on the carinated shoulder is unusual.  Although this is common on E1  jars and E2 beakers, the only other example is on a bowl is from Samson (ibid., illus. 51).


Fabric:
E1, fabric distinctive, pink with white surfaces, like E3

Comment:
Period I/1.6.  Is unusual in its small size.  The only other possible small E ware jug in Insular contexts is from the Mote of Mark, though the form is found in sixth-century Frankish graves, for example at Herpes, Charente and Pitres, Eure (Campbell 1991, illus. 57). As vessel 6 comes from an early context, possibly in association with B ware, a date in the second half of the sixth century is possible for this vessel.


Description:
Rim of E1  jar, with internal lid-seat and tall vertical neck.

Use:
No signs of sooting.  There are traces of a green waxy deposit on the interior.

Comment:
Period I/8, from pit with unusual collection of medicinal and dyeing plant remains (Hill 1997, 127).


Location:
excavator, B Cunliffe, Oxford Iinstitute of Archaeology

References:
Campbell in Cunliffe & Galliou 2006, 86-7

Comment:
577 From cultivation soil of early medieval fields, overlying Late Roman deposits which have B1 sherds. Associated with corn-drying ovens with C14 dates. 631, 677 from medieval contexts overlying cultivation soils.

Context:
LY00, Trench 41, context 592, context 631, context 677


Context:
Phase 2 inner boundary ditch, secondary level. Associated with double-sided bone comb.


Context:
Phase 2, inner boundary ditch, upper fill


Description:
Rim and shoulder sherds of E1 jar.  Rim everted, squared, with slight internal lid-seat, well-finished, with rillmarks.  Neck upright.  Exterior with fingerprint from lifting the pot off the wheel.

Dimension:
RD 15cm, Max body D 18 cm,  MS 9+6cm, 4cm

Location:
NMS Edinburgh.  DC87/SF46/Trench D  001(W); SF 42; DC86/058

Context:
Trench D, topsoil?, just outside the medieval barmkin wall  Associated with vitrified rampart, spaerhead and nail-headed bone pin


Description:
Wall sherd, two joining pieces, from lower half of large E1B jar or E4 jug (315, F118).  Interior strong rilling, exterior wet-wiped.


Description:
Rim and shoulder sherds of E1 jar.  Strongly everted rim with two grooves on upper surface.

Use:
Exterior spalled and sooted, interior clean.

Comment:
Period I/10 waterborne silts with many other E ware sherds. Two grooves on upper lidseat are unusual.


Description:
Rim of small E1 jar.  Rim weakly everted, sub-triangular section.

Comment:
Shallow deposits around Building I/5, not closely dateable. Unusual vessel in being very white and thin-walled, with a rim form only paralleled at Dunadd.  This vessel has certain similarities to a group of thin-walled imports of later date than E ware, though in a generally similar fabric.


Description:
Rim sherds of E1 jar.  Rim everted, rolled and beaded.

Comment:
Period I/10 waterborne silts with many other E ware sherds


Description:
Rim and bodysherd of E1 jar.  Rim weakly everted, with faint groove on inner surface.  Rim form almost identical to E275.

Use:
Exterior sooted, interior with thick carbon deposits.

Comment:
From ditch in Period I/8, earliest securely stratified E ware from southern sector.


Description:
Rim of small E1 jar, weakly everted, with faint groove on inner surface.  Rim form almost identical to E276, made by same hand.


Description:
Rim and bodysherd of E1 jar.  Rim everted.

Use:
Interior fresh, but inner edge of rim badly spalled, possibly in use.

Comment:
one sherd from Period I/10 waterborne silts with many other E ware sherds, other from inner precinct, Period II/1


Description:
Rim and bodysherds of E1 jar.  Rim everted with strong groove on upper surface.

Colour:
pale grey, occasionally with pinkish core, black exterior


Description:
Rim of E1  jar with strong lid-seat. Basal angle of E1 jar, almost certainly the same vessel.


Description:
Rim and bodysherds of E1 jar.  Rim everted, of sub-square section, with strong lid-seat groove and groove on outer face.

Use:
Interior blackened deposits, exterior spalled.


Description:
Base, with string cut-off.  Large E2 beaker or small E4 jug

Fabric:
Same fabric as E213.1 but not certainly the same vessel

Context:
Two joining sherds 13876, Block 70.00; 13930, Block 904


Description:
Decorated bodysherd, with combed rilling, five grooves.  Probably from jar

Comment:
Rilled decoration is a rare feature on E ware as most vessels are undecorated.  The only other occurrences are at Dalkey Island (Liversage 1968, fig. 32, ec14) and Samson (Campbell 1991, illus. 51, E181),


Comment:
15 from late Period I contexts in outer zone, 13 from inner zone, Period I/1 or I/2 contexts


Description:
Rim of bowl.  Organic impressions on upper surface of rim.


Description:
Rim and base of E1 jar, possibly not the same vessel. Rim everted and rounded, thickened, with lid-seat. Base poorly formed.


Description:
Complete E2 beaker, rim with groove on top. Base apparently repaired when wet.

Colour:
off-white with yellowish tinge. Orange kiln-burn mark

Location:
BM London, Morel Collection, 1905/5-20/176

Comment:
Repaired vessel perhaps indicating low quality goods for grave?


Description:
Small handled jug, but with no spout. Rim simple, outurned.  Handle wheel-thrown, attached below rim

Location:
BM London, Morel Collection, 1905/5-20/114

Comment:
Unusual form, small jug but no spout cf. vessels from Whithorn and Mote of Mark


Description:
Upper part of beaker, with one incised groove 1-2 mm wide

Context:
sixth-seventh century levels, Monasterie de S. Martin.


Description:
Upper part of small beaker, with out-turned lip and lid-seat

Context:
rubbish pit of second quarter of 7th century, Chateau.


References:
Excavations Ireland 1993:118; 1995:133; pers comm Ian Doyle

Context:
Cutting 3, context 28 & 30, dark occupation layer


References:
Leach 1913, 428.  Campbell & Lane 1993, fig 16, A

Comment:
found along with medieval pottery (Dyfed gravel-tempered ware and Llanstephan ware (DAT SMR))

Context:
sites marked B & D on plan (leach 1913, fig 4


